03.基础语法-程思斐/001-2021考研陪伴班基础语法课程01【直播回放】2月4日-1.mp4
1. 不分英语一、英语二 讲授所有考研核心语法
2. 直播适当摘抄重点 最后5分钟在线答疑课上内容
3. 讲练结合 阶段测试题 助教跟踪群答疑 不定期送微课
4. 坚持跟直播+回放复习(1~3遍)
课外福利:
Ⅰ.晒笔记/作业@程思斐老师 定期抽送名著/笔记本
Ⅱ.关注我微博8公众号每日获取21考研英语资料
考研语法封面图
Grammar is the law. 语法就是法律。
1.入门篇: 句型及词类成分
长难句之钥--抓主干
1.找谓语(谓语是动词[-ate结尾的单词, 常见动词]); 抓主干
2.去掉非谓语动词 (doing[例putting]; to do[to后方+动词原型,例to teach]; done[常见-ed]) * 注意-ed形式不一定是 done
3.去掉从属连词 (that; wh-; 状语从句连接词conj: if/ because, although 等)后方的动词v.
从属连词: 连接在主语,宾语,表语,同位语后面 + 从属连词 + 从句, 具体见309文件
I loved you. 我过去爱你,(爱过). 这儿loved是过去式
I loved by you. 我过去被你爱着. loved by, 被爱, 是-ed[done]形式: done by, 所以这个loved 不是 谓语动词
01.基础导学/004-2021考研陪伴班语法基础导学【直播回放】1月19日.mp4
He who finds that students who were easy to teach,because they succeeded in putting everything that they had been taught into practice, hesitate when confronted with the vast untouched area of English vocabulary and usage which falls outside the scope of basic textbooks has shown a special interest in language acquisition.
A 他发现了学生很容易教会
B 他能让学生学以致用
C 他对英语词汇未知领域感到困惑
D 他对语言学习产生了兴趣
1.找所有动词:
who finds : who是wh-形式, finds去掉
who were : who是-形式, were去掉
to teach : 是to do形式, 去掉
because they succeeded : because原因状语从句连接词conj, successd去掉
putting : doing形式, 去掉
that they had been taught: that是th-形式, had been taught去掉
into practice : into是介词.prep, 后面跟名词, 所以这儿practice不是动词, 是名词
that ... hesitate : ate结尾, 常见动词. 整个句子第3个单词that, 根据就近原则, 有多少个that就要去掉多少个动词.
when confronted : when是wh-形式, confronted去掉
untouched : 有可能是done, 也有可能是过去式ed, 所以这个有点冒险, 不确定
which falls : which是wh-形式, falls去掉
has shown : 无风险, 这个就是谓语动词
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
He人 + has shown已经产生了 + 一个特别的学习语言的兴趣
答案: D
time: 00:33:05
What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume that they are presiding over is for real.
什么是更困难的?
A 商人能否主导生产力革命
B 生产力革命是否真实
1.找所有动词:
what is : what是wh-形式, is去掉
to establish : to do形式, establish去掉
is : 剩下这个就是谓语动词, 是系动词
that ... assume : 前方有that, assume去掉
that they are presiding: 孕妇法则, 前方有that, are presiding去掉
whether ... is : 第7个单词whether是wh-形式, is去掉
主 + is系(动词) + 表
What is harder + is + 表语: whether ... is ...
问题: 什么是更困难的?, 答案在表语里, 表语里的that从句是只是修饰, 删掉: whether the productivity revolution is for real., 答案: B
time: 00:44:35
考研语法导学
读懂难句
1. I don't learn English because i like it.
2. I don't marry you because i love you.
3. Humans do not cry because they are sad.(这一句: 11英一完型填空)
not ... because => not放在because前方, 是否定转移. 把not放到后方去:
I learn English not because i like it. 我学英语, 不是因为我喜欢. (有可能是被逼的, 比如考研...)
I marry you not because i love you. 我嫁给你, 不是因为我爱你.
Humans cry not because they are sad. 人们哭泣, 并非因为他们伤心.
time: 00:50:25
造出美句
翻译: 他永远都不读书! (17大作文)
He will never read books.
Never will he read books. 倒装句, 4,6级水平
By no means will he read books. Never = by no means(绝不) = under no cicumstances = on no account
否定转移: 他读书, 不是因为他爱读书.???
五个学霸笔记本
1.字帖 (1-6月, 最好是练英文的, 比如衡水帖, 手写板, 印刷体. 每天10分钟)
2.手译本 (1-6月, 研究考研真题, 每天翻译一段话, 2000-2010年真题)
3.纠错本 (7-12月, 做错的题做订正)
4.常忘词汇本 (1-12月, 背不住的单词, 写100遍)
5.DIY写作本 (1-12月, 觉得好的句子, 照抄下来)
03.基础语法-程思斐/001-2021考研陪伴班基础语法课程01【直播回放】2月4日-1.mp4
time: 00:16:00
... In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who
showed other makers for having higher self-esteem.(2014英二)
Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______
[A] underestimate their insecurities
[B] believe in their attractiveness
[C] cover up their depressions
[D] oversimplify their illusions
1.找所有动词:
who thought : 去掉thought
that ... were: were去掉 (有多少that在前方, 就要去掉多少个动词)
corresponded : ed不一定是, 要最后看. 其余4个去掉, 得到这个谓语动词
who showed : 前面who从句后面 + 动词, 所以showed去掉
having : ing形式也是动词, 属于doing; to do; done 的形式, 所以去掉
得到谓语: corresponded with, 谓语动词决定句子主干的前后. 主谓宾.
前面是主语, 后面是宾语.
问题: ...Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to... 问人
corresponed with: 符合,一致;与……通信
those who 引导定于从句, 什么什么人 ==> 一致 ==> 后方those who 什么什么人, 前方一种人 和 后方一种人 一致.
问题: people with higher self-esteem tended to, 什么样的人倾向于, 而中间corresponed with一致, 所以答案应该是前面 those who里.
In fact those who (thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly), 答案: B
time: 00:34:50
The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.(2008英语一阅读)
1.找所有动词:
of interpersonal violence : of是介词, 后面不跟动词
that (women)... are exposed to: 2个动词, 孕妇法则, 看成一个整体, 当做谓语动词(有多少that在前方, 就要去掉多少个动词), are exposed去掉
to是介词 are exposed to, 介词短语: 暴露于.
to tend : to和前方 are exposed 是一个短语, 和后方tend没关系, 这个to 不是 to do, 所以这儿tend保留
to be : to be 相当于 to do, be去掉
and they tend not to be : 这个tend的前方是and, 是一个并列结构, 所以这儿tend保留
2.因为最后and连接词, 并列结构, 所以找到2个谓语动词
time: 00:43:50
Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ///ordered/// that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -- although no one had proposed to do so -- and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. (1999)- 67 词
1.找所有动词:
Declaring : -ing形式, 去掉
was opposed : 前面that, 去掉
using : -ing形式, 去掉
to clone : to do形式, 去掉
ordered :
be used : 前面that, 去掉
proposed : 前面although, 去掉, -- xxx... ---, 插入语句, 可以直接整个去掉
and asked : 前方有and并列连词
chaired by : done by形式, 所以这儿的chaired是过去式, 去掉
to report : to to形式, 去掉
cloning : -ing形式, 去掉
2.因为最后and连接词, 并列结构, 所以找到2个谓语动词: ordered, asked
主 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句 + 谓语动词 + 宾语
he ///ordered/// + that... + and asked + an (an后面跟名词)n.
time: 00:55:05
为什么需要分析句型-成分-词性?
I found you a dog. 我给你找了条狗。 不要翻译成: 我发现你是一条狗.
I found English easy. 我发现英语容易。
time: 01:01:40
五大家族成员
1.句型(5种):
1.主谓 我走 n. + vi.
2.主谓宾 我爱你 n. + vt. + n.
3.主系表 我是神 n. + vt. + n.
4.主谓双宾
5.主谓宾补
2.成分(8种):
1.主干: 主语, 谓语, 宾语, 表语, 补语, 主补
2.修饰: 定语, 状语
3.词性(10种):
1.实词(有实际意义的词): 名词(.n), 动词(.v), 形容词(.adj), 副词(.adv,通常以-ly结尾), 代词(.pron), 数词(.num)
名词 : 表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的统一名称。
动词 : 表示动作或状态的词汇。在英语中,动词按作用和功能主要分为两大类,一类是谓语动词,另一类是非谓语动词。
形容词: 描写或修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、 状态、特征或属性,常用作定语,也可作表语、补语或状语。
副词 : 表示行为或状态特征的词,用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
副词可分为:时间副词、频率副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、表顺序的副词以及表完成的副词。
代词 : 代名词或一句话的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能, 通常以-ly结尾。
英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:
人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词和替代词十种。
数词 : 表示数目多少或顺序多少的词。英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。
数词分为两大类,即基数词和序数词。
基数词表示数目,如:one,two,three,four……;
序数词表示顺序,如:first,second,third,fourth……序数词前一般要加the。
2.虚词(没有实际意义的词): 介词(.prep), 冠词(.art), 连词(.conj), 感叹词(.int)
介词 : 表示名词、代词等与句中其它词的关系,在句中不能单独作句子成分。
介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,表示与其他成分的关系。
冠词 : 一种虚词,并非只存在于英语中,而是普遍存在于印欧语系和闪含语系中。汉语中没有冠词。
冠词在句子中一般不重读,本身不能独立使用,只能与名词放在一起(一般用于名词之前)帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。
连词 : 用来连接词与词、词组与词组或句子与句子、表示某种逻辑关系的虚词。连词可以表并列、转折、假设、选择、递进、条件、因果等关系。
and, but, where, so...
感叹词: 表示说话时喜悦、惊讶等情感的词就是感叹词。感叹词有oh,喔,耶,啊,哇等。
感叹词一般放在句首,后用逗号隔开,感情强烈时,可用感叹号表示。
Wow! Hello! Bravo!
Science moves forward.(2012英一)
句型? 主谓
成分?
词性?
3.1.动词
1.实义动词:
①及物动词(.vt) :I love you. //我爱你. love 后面 + you就是物
②不及物动词(.vi): I go. //我走. go 后面没有物
2.系动词:
You are beautiful. //你是漂亮的. are系动词, 联系了You 和 beautiful
3.孕妇动词:
①情态动词: I can make it. //情态动词: 表示某种感情或态度的动词, 能不能够,应不应该,必不必须,也不也许...
// 不能单独存在, 是个孕妇, 必须合孩子在一起. 后方必须跟动词
情态动词,后面都接动词原形
②助动词 : You are listening now. //助动词: 协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词,也叫辅助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。
// be, have/has, do/does/did, shall/should, will/would, can/could, are...
time: 01:15:50
3.2.名词
1.可数名词:
单复数 pig. 单数永远不能单独存在 I am a pig.我是猪.
2.不可数名词:单数
① 物质名词:news;traffic;furniture;hair;homework;money;music
② 抽象名词:information;advice;knowledge;progress;absence;anger;courage
time: 01:20:55
1、主谓
① Education pays. //pays:谓语动词. pays后面不跟人, 意思是"回报". 教育回报
② Pride hurts. Modesty benefits. //骄傲伤害。谦虚的好处. 满招损,谦受益.
③ Unfortunately, these critics are forgotten. (2010英一) //被动语态. 不幸的是,这些批评家被遗忘了。
2、主谓宾
① I second you. second:谓语动词. v. 支持,附议 我支持你
② He has refused to discuss the matter. 他拒绝谈论这件事
② He has refused to discuss the matter. 也可以这样划分, refused to do sth... 拒绝做某事
③ I am looking forward to your early reply. 固定搭配, 划分到一起
主谓 VS 主谓宾
①I am living in Wuhan. //主谓结构. in是介词.prep, 不能当宾语. in Wuhan是地点状语
②I am living a busy life. //主谓宾结构.
001-2021考研陪伴班基础语法课程01【直播回放】2月4日-2.mp4
主谓 VS 主谓宾, 总结
| 谓语 | 宾语 |
主谓 | 必须vi. | 无n. |
主谓宾 | vt. 某些 vi + 介词prep. | 必须有n. |
课后作业
入门篇练习
一、指出下列句子的谓语及句型
By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
had arrived: 前面who是wh-形式, had arrived去掉
had: 谓语动词 + a home名词 (宾语), 句型: 主谓宾
The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.
playing : -ing形式, 去掉
have changed:
have been :
willing : 这是个adj...
to adjust : to do形式, 去掉
to fit : to do形式, 去掉
growing : 形容词或-ing, 反正都不要.
中间有个and, 所以这儿留下2个谓语动词.
has changed + and + have been
句型: 主谓 + 主系(been是系动词)表
//第3这道题在视频2, time: 01:56:30
He finds that students who were easy to teach, because they succeeded in putting everything they had been taught into practice, hesitate when confronted with the vast untouched area of English vocabulary and usage which falls outside the scope of basic textbooks.
finds : 谓语动词
who were : 前方wh-形式, 去掉
to teach : to do形式, 去掉
because they succeeded : 前方because, 去掉
putting : -ing形式, 去掉
(that) they had been taught: everything定语从句中做宾语的成分, 后面省略了that = they had been taught everything, 去掉
hesitate : 第3个单词是that, 去掉
confronted : 前方when是wh-形式, 去掉
untouched : 选这个有风险
falls : 前方which是wh-形式, 去掉
You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, and that by help of these operations, they in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws.
have all heard: all是副词, 可前/中/后